The Greek Epic Poet Hesiod

Hesiod and Homer both composed important, famous epic poems. The two are also called the first great writers of Greek literature, having written during Greeces Archaic Age. Beyond the act of writing, they are central to the history of ancient Greece because the father of history, Herodotus, (Book II) credits them with giving the Greeks their gods: For Hesiod and Homer I suppose were four hundred years before my time and not more, and these are they who made a theogony for the Hellenes and gave the titles to the gods and distributed to them honours and arts, and set forth their forms: but the poets who are said to have been before these men were really in my opinion after them. Of these things the first are said by the priestesses of Dodona, and the latter things, those namely which have regard to Hesiod and Homer, by myself. We also credit Hesiod with giving us didactic (instructive and moralizing) poetry. Hesiod likely lived around 700 B.C., shortly after Homer, in a Boeotian village called Ascra. This is one of the few details of his life that Hesiod reveals in his writing. Career and Works Hesiod worked as a shepherd in the mountains, as a youth, and then, as a small peasant on a hard land when his father died. While tending his flock on Mt. Helicon, the Muses appeared to Hesiod in a mist. This mystical experience impelled Hesiod to write epic poetry. Hesiods major works are Theogony and Works and Days. Shield of Herakles, a variation on the Shield of Achilles theme from the Iliad, is attributed to Hesiod but was probably not actually written by him. Hesiod's "Theogony" on the Greek Gods The Theogony is particularly important as an (often confusing) account of the evolution of the Greek gods. Hesiod tells us that in the beginning was Chaos, a yawning chasm. Later Eros developed on its own. These figures were powers rather than anthropomorphic deities like Zeus (who wins and becomes king of the gods in the 3rd generation struggle against his father). Hesiod's "Works and Days" The occasion of Hesiods writing of the Works and Days is a dispute between Hesiod and his brother Perses over the distribution of his fathers land: Perses, lay up these things in your heart, and do not let that Strife who delights in mischief hold your heart back from work, while you peep and peer and listen to the wrangles of the court-house. Little concern has he with quarrels and courts who has not a years victuals laid up betimes, even that which the earth bears, Demeters grain. When you have got plenty of that, you can raise disputes and strive to get anothers goods. But you shall have no second chance to deal so again: nay, let us settle our dispute here with true judgement divided our inheritance, but you seized the greater share and carried it off, greatly swelling the glory of our bribe-swallowing lords who love to judge such a cause as this. Fools! They know not how much more the half is than the whole, nor what great advantage there is in mallow and asphodel. Works and Days is filled with moral precepts, myths, and fables (making it a didactic poem) for which reason, rather than its literary merit, it was highly valued by the ancients. It is a source for the Ages of Man. Hesiod's Death After Hesiod lost a lawsuit to his brother Perses, he left his homeland and moved to Naupactus. According to the legend about his death, he was murdered by the sons of his host in Oeneon. At the command of the Delphic Oracle Hesiods bones were brought to Orchomenus where a monument to Hesiod was erected in the marketplace.

Failed Weight Loss Of Bariatric Surgery Essay - 2340 Words

â€Å"I think I may go out on the town today and see what kind of fun things I can do.† Mommy look at that fat girl, fat people shouldn’t be allowed out, quack quack waddle fat girl, hey shamu go back to the water. These are some of the things that I have endured and heard on a day-to-day when going out in public as an obese individual. Like myself, a lot of other obese individuals have embarked on many failed weight loss attempts only to gain instead of lose weight. Bariatric Surgery is a great lifelong tool to help aid in weight loss and manage the success;, however, many individuals shy away from the surgery because many health professionals only state the risks over the benefits. Bariatric surgery has become very popular in the United States, but there are many factors to consider such as the risks and benefits, success rates, and procedure options offered. Bariatric surgery has afforded many obese individuals a new lease on life. Medical doctors and insurance co mpanies seem to be down playing the benefits as a way to keep patients with many obesity related ailments to keep them in business. The benefits that bariatric surgery has greatly outweigh the risks and allows for new beginnings. Obesity is an illness, and it is becoming a pandemic, according to an article by Karl Persson 34% of the United States population is classified as obese and these numbers are expected to hit 50% by the year 2030 (person, 2015). To put into perspective ,30% seems like a small number butShow MoreRelatedWeight Loss Methods to Try Before Surgery Essay525 Words   |  3 PagesSlimming pills and procedures like bariatric surgery and liposuctions may help reduce weight but are not considered â€Å"first line medicines.† Patients who qualify for bariatric surgery are those who have tried the conventional way of losing weight but failed. Performing bariatric surgery for obese children and adolescents in order to discipline their behavior warrants reflection and caution. In the field of weight loss, it’s not astonishing to hear of healthcare professionals proclaiming the virtuesRead MoreEssay on Surgical Treatment For Morbid Obesity1366 Words   |  6 Pagesdiet after diet. For them, bariatric surgery is an option even though risks are involved (Flancbaum, et al. 7; Goodman par 3; â€Å"The Weight† par 2). Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity is climbing the charts as being a major killer of our population. This paper informs the reader on how bariatric surgery treats the severely obese. Focus is given on who should have bariatric surgery, how the surgery works, risks of bariatric surgery, and what the patient can expect. Bariatric surgery is reserved for people whoRead MoreSurgical Weight Loss Systems : Surgical Loss1510 Words   |  7 Pages Surgical weight loss protocols Surgical weight loss is very common in today’s world. Many people who have diabetes turn to surgical weight loss to gain their life back. When you search surgical weight loss on the internet, it comes up with many ways that it has been done throughout the century. Many people find that it is much easier to get the surgery to lose the weight rather than using diet and exercise. Surgical weight loss should be monitored more closely, allowing only the people who haveRead MoreThe Average Fat Loss Rate Of Patients1458 Words   |  6 Pages(pre-surgery) BMR accounted for a larger proportion of the TEE pre-surgery compared to the Control group (92.1% to 72.2%). However, the TEE: BMR ratio for the patients at follow-up (post-surgery) was more similar to that of the Controls (82.5%). This suggests that the BMR is less of a determinant of TEE in more active individuals, which is consistent with the increased activity levels from pre to post-surgery. The average fat loss rate of patients was 0.124 kg/day between baseline (pre-surgery) andRead MoreA Literature Review On Opioid-Free General Anesthesia Versus1693 Words   |  7 PagesAnesthesia versus Opioid-Based General Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery Ina Basha University of New England One third of the American adult population is considered to be overweight, a figure that is still on the rise. Numerous studies have presented the negative impacts that obesity has on health and how every organ system in the human body is affected. When minimally invasive strategies such as life style changes fail, bariatric surgery procedures have become the other option. The purpose ofRead MoreBariatric Surgery1636 Words   |  7 PagesBariatric Surgery Indication: No studies evaluate the commonly used indications for bariatric surgery. Consensus guidelines suggest that the surgical treatment of obesity should be reserved for patients with a body-mass index (BMI) gt;40 kg/m(2) or with BMI gt;35 kg/m(2) and 1 or more significant co morbid conditions, when less invasive methods of weight loss have failed and the patient is at high risk for obesity-associated morbidity and mortality (strength of recommendation: C, based onRead MoreObesity : The Disease Of Obesity Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesMore than 93 million Americans are affected by the disease of obesity (Obesity Action-Brochure). There are many ways to approach this disease, such as weight loss surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, or diet and exercise plans. Doctors and insurance companies have different requirements that the patient must meet in order for the surgery to take place. Obesity is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body. Th ere is a difference between being overweightRead MoreObesity Treatment Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagespasses through the stomach and enters the small intestine. Most of our nutrients and calories are absorbed in the small intestine and then it passes into the large intestine, where remaining waste is excreted from the body. In Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery the doctors only use a small part of the stomach to create a new stomach pouch, which is roughly the size of an egg. Once the stomach is to the proper size they connect it directly to the middle portion of the small intestine, which is the jejunumRead MoreBariatric Surgery, Or Weight Loss Surgery2491 Words   |  10 Pages Bariatric surgery, or weight loss surgery, is a procedure performed on those who are obese in order to help them lose weight. The procedure works to reduce the size of the patient’s stomach, which results in weight loss and a healthier life. Restricting the size of the stomach causes malabsorption of nutrients, which is normally bad, but for an obese person it is the first step to losing weight. This paper gives a brief history of bariatric surgery, along with a description of how it works;Read MoreObesity : Obesity Causes And Solutions1658 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggle with obesity and having trouble losing weight, and the story about Henry Roberts from â€Å"Bariatric Surgery: The Solution to Obesity?† delivered an informative detailed account of his own personal struggle with obesity. â€Å"Bariatric Surgery: The Solution to Obesity?† gave an unbiased and objective view on Roberts’ story along with the actual facts involved with the risks and responsibilities with respect to obesity through the various weight loss surgeries. The article featured a personal account

What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes Free Essays

string(72) " gender demographic and the age demographic \(Lee Hwang, 2010\)\." Introduction to Urban Tourism Urban areas often emerge as a central hub which connect surrounding areas and open them up to business opportunities, trade and information exchange and utilisation (Page Hall, 2003). Urban areas, unlike rural areas, are known to be densely populated areas. With an area of such importance, it can be expected that services to support different kinds of transactions would emerge (Law, 2002) for example, people will be more likely to live there and businesses would be set up. We will write a custom essay sample on What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Urban areas also serve another purpose. They serve as a meeting place for a highly diverse crowd of people in several different capacities, be it leisure, business, education of even health (Page Hall, 2003). Cities often hold records of culture and heritage of the people who inhabit it or have previously done so. They are also said to usually have a wide range of leisure facilities (Law, 2002). For whatever reason, visitors show interest in a city and cities exploit these visitors as much as they can. While this sort of interaction has been occurring for centuries, academic study of it has only recently been recognised. This is where urban tourism as we know it today stems from (Selby, 2004). Given that urban areas are defined as such, saying that urban tourism is simply tourism of any kind which takes place in urban areas (towns and cities), however, from an academic point of view at least, urban tourism is more complicated than that when consdering all the possible aspects and perceptions on the demand and supply side, in policies and planning, and everything else inbetween (Law, 2002; Page Hall, 2003; Selby, 2004). Looking at it from this perspective, urban tourism may be defined as the combination of several forms of tourism (such as heritage and cultural, place-specific and special interest, business tourism, etc) concentrated geographically and managed by an interlinked network of government organisations, planners and specialised firms (Ashworth, 2009; Law, 2002). This report talks about tourism and urban areas in from a demand side point of view. More specifically, it will be discussing the motivating factors that affect tourism in urban areas. The focus will be the tourists of the city of Bath and what inspires demand for the destination. Aim of the Research The aim of this research is to investigate what motivates people in different age groups to visit Bath. This research also aims to confirm or disprove the belief that older age groups are more motivated to visit Bath. Objectives Find relevant literature on what motivates tourists and what determines the demand of the destination Investigate which age groups visit Bath and their reasons for doing so Arrive at a conclusion on why different age groups visit Bath Literature Review Tourism is a general term for a range of activities which are the determinants of a destination’s demand. These determinants can be placed in three broad categories; economic determinants; socio-psychological determinants and; exogenous determinants (Page Hall, 2003, Page, 2003). These categorisations imply that a tourist might be in a city due to its economic convenience, its potential socio-psychological effects or due its business environment and its prospects (Page Hall, Managing Urban Tourism, 2003). A decision to spend one’s disposable income on one leisure activity rather than another, on entirely different alternatives, involves several â€Å"psychological determinants† (Kotler et al, 1996). Psychological determinants of tourism demand are most closely linked to leisure tourism (Bowen Clarke, 2009). Ryan (2003) suggests that taking a holiday enables a tourist to fulfil deep psychological needs. These needs might be anything from wanting to gain some social status to simple relaxation (Kotler et al, 1996). Within the socio-psychological category as a determinant of demand, there are a number of variables which can be studied (Kotler et al, 1996). Tourist motivation and behaviour are ultimately determined by these variables (Ryan Glendon, 1998). However, demographic variables and motivations will be most closely considered. These needs have been further elaborated by other authors, sometimes under different headings (Page Hall, 2003; Ryan, 1991; Kotler et al, 1996; Holloway Robinson, 1995). In these sub-categories, it is easy to see that determinants are interrelated and sometimes over-lap each other (Ryan, 1991). A psychological need to escape ones everyday surroundings might lead to falling into a majority demographic due to the sort of holiday a destination offers (Ryan, 2003; Page Hall 2003). In the discussion of the determinants of demand, the motives for visiting are rarely ignored. The variables that affect demand in general are categorized by Holloway Robinson (1991) as psychographic and demographic. Looking at the psychographic variables, tourists visit a destination due to certain factors with are categorized into either push factors or pull factors (Page, 2003). Researchers focusing on tourist motivation often hold the belief that a tourist might be â€Å"pushed† to leaving the area where they usually reside, and therefore escape, or â€Å"pulled† by the desire to be at another location (Ryan, 2003; 84; Goossens, 2000). Therefore, a push factor indicates that a tourists motivation for go on a vacation or to escape their usual routine or environment (Goossens, 2000; McCabe, 2000). It may even indicate a journey of self discovery or re-discovery as a group, in a family for example (Kotler, 1995; Ryan, 2003). The pull factor, however, signifies that a tourist’s motivation is more adventurous, meaning the tourist â€Å"seeks new experiences† (McCabe, 2000; 1049). There is reason for the pull motives to be researched as extensively as it is. This is because when a tourist is pulled to a destination, it show that there are certain elements about it that where attractive (McCabe, 2000). Therefore, for marketing purposes, researchers tend to focus on what makes a destination attractive (Goossens, 2000). However, this has led to a substantial gap between the amount of research done between push and pull factors of motivation (Goossens, 2000). The research covering the motivation of the ‘escapist tourist’ has been somewhat neglected in comparison. The demand for a destination is usually affected by various categories of demographics, most notably the status or income demographic, the gender demographic and the age demographic (Lee Hwang, 2010). You read "What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes?" in category "Essay examples" In the age demographic, segmentation is taken in six groups, namely the infants, tweens and teens, young adults, early middle ages, late middle ages and over 65’s (Kotler et al, 1996). An alternative is Pooler’s (2002) segmentation into three key, all encompassing, groups. These groups are the baby boomers and seniors, who, in this day, are represented in Kotler et al (1996) as late middle age and over 65 (Lamb et al, 2008); generation X, the generation after the baby-boomers classified as young adults and early middle aged (Kotler et al, 1996; Lamb et al, 2008) and finally; Generation Y, often associated with young adults, teenagers and preadolescents and called the Internet generation (Lee Hwang, 2010), who in this age, statistically (Pooler, 2002) more computer literacy than the previous generation did at the same age (Lamb et al, 2008). Pooler (2002) and Lamb et al (2008) draw attention to the characteristics of each of these three groups and how they are motivated. For example, generation Y spends more on entertainment and clothing. The group also centres a lot of activities on one form of technology and are more susceptible to internet marketing (Lamb et al, 2008). The baby boomer generation however have a need to interact and require more attention (Lamb et al, 2008). Generation X, where generation Y and baby boomers meet, are generally disloyal to brands and are most known for their extensive product search when deciding on any product (Pooler 2002; Lamb et al, 2008). In terms of research on tourist motivations as they relate to specific destinations, Kozak (2002) has studied push and pull motivations of german and british tourists in two popular holiday destinations. The study found that pleasure and relaxation were the highest ranked motivations in both groups in both detinations. This suggests that the major motives for taking a holiday, regardless of nationality and destination, was the need to relax, possibly with loved ones, and escape from stressfull situations to seek pleasure (Kozak, 2002). It was also found that, again regardless of the nationality, the tourists in both destinations were drawn there mainly because of the weather. These findings imply that tourists prefer to spend time in more temperate regions when they are on holiday (Kozak, 2002). Among the variables discussed, this research project, the focus will be mainly on the socio-psychological elements of a city’s demand, specifically within certain age groups. Within these age groups, the research will be examining how demand determinants differ within different age groups. More specifically, it will be exploring the various motivating factors and how they affect each age group, as well how different they are. Background With a declining wool industry, Bath had to find alternative means of boosting its economy in the mid-18th century. This was when the city began to focus on the largely underdeveloped spa trade (Hirschfelder, Borsay, Mohrmann, 2000). Bath began re-branding itself as a tourism city. Though the city had always had these spas, it was only at this time they were specifically developed for mass commercialisation (Hard Misa, 2008). Within thirty years, the city had become the foremost â€Å"health and leisure resort in Britain† (R. Russell, 2010, p. 18). This fame was however, short-lived. Although many European resort cities benefited in the long run from using celebrity culture as a marketing tool, Bath was not one of them (Borsay, 2000). In the mid-nineteenth century, Bath’s allure was lost as people became uninterested in the medicinal qualities of its spas and moved on to the next craze. The city itself was also revitalized, with many support facilities also being developed simultaneously. Like most other European destinations of its type, Bath was mainly marketing itself as a fashion resort (R. Russell, 2010). The trend at that time was the ‘medical’ or ‘cold’ baths which allegedly improved the health (Hard Misa, 2008). The market segments that where interested in this trend included celebrities and the celebrity-minded (R. Russell, 2010). Naturally, high class facilities were developed to support the main market. Though, Bath has been credited as being an early example of a modern tourist industry (Hard Misa, 2008), the tourism industry’s structure has changed since its fame declined. Bath has therefore found new ways to market itself. It focuses mainly on historic tourism (Page Hall, 2003), marketing its roman heritage more than any other aspect (City of Bath, 2008).Today, Bath’s early retirement or retirement age-groups are increasing (City of Bath, 2008), suggesting the market would be shifting to meet the demands of a growing population (Kotler et al, 2005), in turn, attracting tourists in similar age groups. Methodology Based on the research design of Kozak (2002), which studied the tourist motivations by nationality, A 33 item questionnaire was formulated. This comprised three sections. The first contained 8 general demographic questions about the respondent as well as the level of familiarity they have with the city of Bath. The next two sections outlined potential pull and push factors and used a 5-point Likert scale to determine the level to which the respondent was influenced. It is suggested that respondents are more likely to understand a questionnaire with words rather than values (Haley Case, 1979. As such, the questionnaire was designed with words representing the figures on the scale and presented thus: (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3) neither agree nor disagree, (4) agree (5) strongly agree. The second section consisted of 10 potential push factors. This section was again based on Kozak’s (2002) design, excluding factors which were not applicable to a non-temperate region. These included enjoying good weather, engaging in sports and experiencing nature. These are not actively present in the chosen destination and were therefore removed from the list of items. In the final section, a 15 item table of potential pull motives were outlined. Though Kozak (2002) uses open-end questions to determine what the pull motives of respondents are, in this study, a table was formulated and respondents were to use the Likert scale to demonstrate their opinions. The reason for this modification is the presence of a list of factors which were generated from Kozak’s (2002) open-end questions. The list outlines what the most common pull motives are. Therefore, the list was used as a reference point for the table in this section. Following, the completion of the questionnaire design, a pilot test was conducted. 5 questionnaires were given to 2 staff members who had visited Bath previously, 2 staff members who had not ever visited Bath, and a Lecturer of the Hospitality and Tourism department at St. Patrick’s College London. These questionnaires were assessed for content and accuracy of the questions. Data Analysis and Results The data analysis was conducted using pie charts and tables. Section one was represented in 8 pie charts (appendices 1-8) which illustrate the characteristics of the respondents. In sections two and three, the numerical values of the Likert scale were put in tables and subsequently put in stacked bar charts (appendices 9 and 10). During the data collection, 150 questionnaires where filled in by visitors in Bath. Out of this sample, 8 (5%) questionnaires were unusable due to the fact that they were wrongly filled in. The 142 questionnaires were further divided into those who were in Bath specifically for leisure purposes, which was 86 (58%) of the respondents. Analysis of the remaining 142 questionnaires more than half of the respondents, 34% could be said to be within the retirement age of over 45 years. The 17% made up the baby boomer generation of over 55 years. Those in the middle age bracket who are described as the generation X in the literature review made up 38% of the respondents. Those aged 25 and under were under made up a relatively high 28% of the respondents. They were the highest percentage out of all the age groups that answered the questionnaires. In section 2, the five age groups in the questionnaires were put into three broader age groups of under 25 years (generation Y), 35-44 years (generation X) and 45 years and over (baby boomers), as discussed in the literature review. This section asked respondents to rate push motives. In the generation Y group, the motives with the highest agreement rate were to spend time with loved ones (67.3%); to get away from home (67.3%); to have fun (61.9%); and to relax (57.9%). Those with the lowest agreement rate were to be active (9.7%); to socialize with tourists like me (10%); and to experience culture first-hand (12.3%). The generation X group had the highest agreement rate for the motivating factors of having fun (64.5%), spending time with loved ones (56.4%); and relaxing (54.2%). The group’s motives with the lowest agreement rate where to socialize with tourists (12.4%) and to be active (15.9%). Finally, in the baby boomer group, respondents were most motivated by the need to relax (78.3); to spend time with loved ones (55.9%); and to experience heritage and culture first hand (51.6%). The where least motivated by the need to socialize with tourists of similar interests (3.6%); to seek adventure (9%); and to learn and experience new things (11%). During the analysis of section 3, it was discovered that there was insufficient data to analyse as a significant number of the questionnaires (34) had not been filled or were ticked as â€Å"someone else’s decision†. In at least two of the age groups, the sample size was insufficient to come to a reasonable conclusion. For this reason, section 3 was analysed collectively. There was no special analysis for each age group. sOn average the highest rated pull motives which had a agreement rating of at least 40% were cleanliness (51.3%); attraction range (43.8%); accommodation (42.2%); and the Roman Baths (41.7%). The lowest rated were weather (4%) and nightlife (13.9). Discussion and Conclusion From the findings, it can be assumed that the perception of older tourists visiting Bath more frequently than younger ones might be wrong as over 50% of the respondents were under 34 and only 17% of the respondents could be at retirement age. The implication is that an older resident population may not necessarily translate to an older tourist population (Lynch, Duinker, Sheehan, Chute, 2011). The initial perception might have been born from the idea that an older age group is usually attracted to a historical tourist destination (Lynch, Duinker, Sheehan, Chute, 2011), which is what the City of Bath is. Apart from this misconception, it would seem that Bath’s residents may be mistaken for tourists more often than not, as observed during the data collection period. In addition, more than half of the respondents were under the age of 34, which contradicts the city’s resident demographics report which suggest that there is a decline in the number of people that fall under this age bracket, due to a number of them moving out of the area. It is possible that while Bath residents in this age group relocate, they still keep in touch with family and friends in the area and visit on a regular bases, which would explains the high number of tourists in the group. This is back up by the results of the survey which show that 56.3% agreed that they were in Bath to spend time with loved ones. The most significant push motive was the need to relax. This has also been observed in Kozak’s (2002) study, where the significance of relaxation in the motivations of a holidaying tourist was noted. However, contrary to Kozak’s findings, escape motives hardly influenced the decision of the respondents in Bath. This may be due to how different destinations in both instances are. The majority of the respondents were home visitors, with only 6% of internationals making up the respondents. In Kozak’s study, 100% of the sample population were away visitors. Kozak has also noted the link between an away holiday and the escape push motive. In this study, it is suggested that tourists are more likely to go farther if their motivations are escape related. Rather than the escape motive, in would seem the visitors to bath were more influenced by the need to spend time with someone, be it those living in Bath or those visiting with family. The large number of home visitors could possibly be the reason for this. Limitations This study was limited by various factors. The city of Bath attracts a variety of tourists. One of the major limitations during data collection was the language barrier between the researcher and many of the tourists. Because the data collection tool was in only one language, a significant section of the target group was not able to answer the questionnaire. In addition, as the data was collected during an off-peak period, there might have been a significant loss of certain key respondents. Beyond these two factors, the sample size might have been insufficient when considering that Bath host hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. In the future, it is hoped that another survey examining the leisure motivates of visitors with families in Bath would be conducted as it seems this is a key area which should be explored further. References Borsay, P. (2000). The image of Georgian Bath, 1700-2000: towns, heritage, and history. New York: Oxford University Press. Bowen, D., Clarke, J. (2009). Contemporary Tourist Behaviour: Yourself and Others as Tourists. Oxfordshire: CABI. City of Bath. (2008, August 19). Bath Demograpics. Retrieved March 1, 2011, from cityofbath.com: http://www.cityofbath.com/planning/file/1%20Demographics%20Chapter%205%2019%2008.pdf Goossens, C. (2000). Tourism Information and Pleasure Motivation. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (2), 301-321. Hard, M., Misa, T. (2008). Urban machinery: inside modern European cities. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Hirschfelder, G., Borsay, P., Mohrmann, R. (2000). New directions in urban history: aspects of European art, health, tourism and leisure since the Enlightenment. Berlin: Waxmann Verlag. Holloway, J. C., Robinson, C. (1991). Marketing for Tourism. Essex: Pearson Education. Kozak, M. (2002). Comparative Analysis of tourist motivations by Nationality and Destinations. Tourism Management 23, 221-232. Lee, J. H., Hwang, J. (2010). Luxury Marketing: The influences of psychological and demographiccharacteristics on attitudes toward luxury restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1-12. McCabe, A. S. (2000). Tourism Motivation Process. Annals of Tourism Research 27 (4), 1049-1052. Page, S. J. (2003). Tourism Management: Managing for Change. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Page, S. J., Hall, M. C. (2003). Managing Urban Tourism. Essex: Prentice Hall. Pooler, J. A. (2002). Demographic Targeting: The Essetial Role of Popularion Groups in Retail Marketing . surrey: Ashgate. R., B., Russell, R. (2010). Giants of Tourism. Oxfordshire: CABI. Ryan, C. (1991). Recreational Tourism: A Social Science Perspective. London: Routledge. Ryan, C. (2003). Recreational Tourism: Demand and Impacts. Clevedon: Channel View. Ryan, C., Glendon, I. (1998). Application of Leisure Movitation Scale to Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 25 (1), 169-194. How to cite What motivates different age groups visit bath for leisure purposes?, Essay examples

The Leadership Style of Warren Buffett Essay Sample free essay sample

Warren Buffett ( Buffett ) is the world’s second-wealthiest individual and one of its most successful investors. His character. leading manner and concern acumen have positioned Buffett in a universe category of his ain. His Birth and EducationWarren Buffett. born on August 30. 1030 in Omaha. Nebraska. attended the University of Nebraska. There. he had the juncture to read a book entitled. The Intelligent Investor. written by a Columbia professor by the name of Benjamin Graham ( Graham ) . Buffett was so influenced by Graham’s thoughts that he applied to Columbia Business School to analyze under. be trained by Graham and finally become Graham’s protege . ( Hagstrom. 2005. p. 2 ) . Hagstrom notes that Bill Ruane. Chairman of the Sequoia Fund. was in the ame category as Buffett. Ruane recalls the followers: â€Å"There was an instantaneous chemical science between Buffett and Graham. and that the remainder of the category was chiefly an audience. † ( Hagstrom. 2005. p. 2 ) . How Do We Describe BuffettIn her book. Warren Buffett Speaks. Janet Lowe’s opening paragraph in her debut sums up the challenge one would hold in depicting Buffett. She wrote: â€Å" Is at that place anyone anywhere who has more monikers than Warren Buffett? Vanity Fair called him the Forrest Gump of Finance. He’s been dubbed the Oracle of Omaha. Omaha’s field trader. the corn-fed capitalist. St. Warren ( with a less than look up toing inflexion ) . and the fiscal world’s Will Rogers. He could besides be called the King of Bling for his ownership of jewellery shops. including the 2nd largest in the United States. Borsheim’s of Omaha† . ( Lowe. 2007. p. 1 ) . Buffett embraces the simple and avoids the complicated. ( Pardoe. 2005. p. 5 ) . Michael Lee Stallard. President of E Pluribus Partners describes Buffett in this manner: â€Å" He [ Buffett ] is ever gracious and considerate. He lacks haughtiness and easy connects with people. Stallard notes that Buffett’s long clip Administrative Assistant says that she has neer seen him in a province of choler with anyone. ( Stallard. March 24. 2011 p. 2 ) . Buffett’s Leadership StyleStallard states that Buffett creates a connexion civilization. By that he means that Buffett keeps his direction squads emotionally connected to Berkshire Hathaway– Buffett’s multi-billion dollar keeping company – the corporate vehicle from which he buys and controls his investings. and to Buffett. Buffet treats every director as if he is his ain CEO and encourages them to handle the concern as their ain. Buffett is more of an reliable leader with some traits of a transformational leader with the exclusion of the high risk-taking factor. Buffet keeps it simple and corsets in zones. which he is knowing. He knows and understands himself. knows what he believes and values. and acts on his values and beliefs through unfastened and honest communications with subsidiaries and others. ( Hellreigel/Slocum. 2011. p. 326 ) . Warren Buffett did non go one of â€Å"America’s Best Leaders† merely for his puting art. Rather. he was selected for his leading and influence in the greater corporate universe. His committedness to sound moralss and rules. his self–discipline and consistence. his transparence in unwraping errors. his unfavorable judgment of Wall Street fees and compensation of underperforming CEOs. and his supplication for bettering corporate administration – all have had a good influence on the corporate community. ( Bill George. U. S. News. â€Å"The Master Gives It Back. † Retrieved February 2/6. 2012. Posted 10/22/2006. World Wide Web. usnews. com/usnews/news/articles/061022/30buffett_print. htm. ) Stallard emphasizes that Buffett is ever gracious and considerate and lacks haughtiness. He notes that Buffett easy connects with people. As to his directors. Buffett brings to the tabular array the component of voice. He is ever available to his directors. doing himself a sounding board. He brings the component of the Vision to life. He ever talks about Berkshire Hathaway as a healthy company. He makes statements to his troughs like â€Å"just maintain on making what you’re making because we are neer traveling to state a 400 batter to alter his batting stance. † ( Stallard. e-Video recorded for Athenaonline. com. World Wide Web. michaelleestallard. com/the-leadership-style-of-warren-buffett ) published on March 2. 2009 08:36 a. m. under Uncategorized. Buffett’s Fundamental Business Principles: Four Wise Work forceIn order to hold some apprehension of Buffett and Buffettology. the underlying concern rules which Warren Buffett adheres to and which have caused his unmeasurable success. it is necessary to analyze briefly the impact of four wise work forces whom Buffett honored and allowed to impact his life and his concern which has spearheaded to the position of the â€Å"great† and in other related spheres. â€Å"the greatest. † Benjamin Graham played a major function in the life of and the version of investing scheme that would maintain Buffett in the mainstream about one-half a century and with promise by what he would seed. a crop of harvesting great fruit in all subjects for many coevalss to come. Graham is considered the Dean of Financial Analysis. He had no predecessor in the field and/or work. Graham had two celebrated plants. Security Analysis. co-authored with David Dodd and originally published in 1934 . The Intelligent Investor was originally published in 1949. ( Hagstrom. 2007. p. 12 ) . Graham began his calling on Wall Street as a courier at the securities firm house of Newburger. Henderson and Loeb. posting stock monetary values on a chalkboard for $ 12 per hebdomad. From courier he rose to composing research studies and shortly was awarded an one-year wage of $ 600. 000. He was merely 25 old ages old. ( Hagstrom. 2007. p. 12 ) . In 1926 Graham formed an investing partnership with Jerome Newman. It was this partnership that hired Buffett some 30 old ages subsequently. ( Hagstrom. 2007. p. 12 ) . Graham gave Buffett the rational footing for puting. the border of safety. and helped Buffett larn how to get the hang his emotions to take advantage of market fluctuations. ( Hagstrom. 2007. p. 28 ) . The 2nd influential person in Buffett’s life was Phillip Fisher. While Graham was composing Security Analysis. Fisher was get downing his calling as an investing counsellor. Fisher began work as an analyst at the Anglo London A ; Paris National Bank in San Francisco. He was made in charge of the Bank’s statistical section. It was from this perch that Fisher witnessed the Crash of 1929. After a brief and unproductive calling with a local secur ities firm house. Fisher opened his ain investing guidance house and operations began March 1. 1931. Fisher recalled that at Stanford one of the teachers of one of his concern categories required that Fisher accompany him to diverse concerns. The professor would acquire the concern directors to speak about their operations. and frequently helped them work out an immediate job. Driving back. Fisherman and his professor would recap what they observed about the companies and directors. Fisher held this memory as beloved and said â€Å"that hr each hebdomad was the most utile preparation I had of all time received. † ( Hagstrom. 2007. pp. 16. 17 ) . â€Å"From these experiences. Fisher came to believe that people could do superior net incomes by puting in companies with above-average potency and alining themselves with the most capable direction. To sun these exceeding companies. Fisher developed a point system that qualified a company the features of its concern and its direction. † ( Hagstrom. 2007. pp. 12-13 ) . â€Å"The impact of Fisher’s point of view on Warren Buffett was that he gave Buffett an updated. feasible methodological analysis that enabled him to place good long-run investings and pull o ff a profile over the long term and taught the value of concentrating on merely a few good companies. † ( Hagstrom. 2007. p. 28 ) . Fisher besides emphasized the quality of direction as a standard for placing outstanding companies. Fisher impacted Buffett to understand that superior directors are determined to develop new merchandises and services that will do growing to go on and spur long after the terminal of current merchandises and services. Fisher’s place was that direction should be set uping policies to guarantee consistent additions for 10 to 20 old ages. even at the costs of subordinating immediate net incomes. He makes clear the differentiation between subordination and forfeit. Finally. another critical trait concerned that direction must be unquestionable in unity and honestness. They must see themselves as legal guardians for the shareholders. ( Hagstrom. p. 18 ) . John Burr Williams. like Fisher graduated from Harvard and Harvard Business School. He worked as a security analyst at two well-known Wall Street Firms during two critical periods. the howling 20’s and the clang of 1929. His thesis was entitled the Theory of Investment Value and it has influenced fiscal analysts and investors of all time since. For 60 old ages it has served as the foundation on which many celebrated economic experts have based their ain work. Today. Williams’ theory is known as the dividend price reduction theoretical account. or discounted net hard currency flow analysis which provides a manner to set a value on a stock or a bond. It is the underlying methodological analysis that Warren Buffett uses to measure stocks and companies. ( Hagstrom. 2007. pp. 20. 21 ) . Charles Munger. lawyer. boy of a attorney and grandson of a federal justice believed in common sense concern rules and he and Buffett had a enormous relationship. After his influence on Buffett with respect to act uponing him to travel off from inexpensive purchases. Munger helped Buffett develop a more progressive mentality sing the fringy difference in the economic returns which was the effect of purchasing and owning quality and important concerns. ( Hagstrom. 2007. pp. 22. 23. 24 ) . These wise work forces were the precursors of the universe of investings and finance as we know it today. Buffett was right at that place as a receiver of their labours and rational end products. They were his wise mans. In his ain mastermind he was able to integrate these schemes into a individual cohesive attack. ( Hagstrom. 2007. pp 22–24 ) . Preferable Leadership StyleTransformational leading is the preferable leading manner. It involves expecting future tendencies. animating followings to understand and encompassing of a new vision of possibilities. developing others to be leaders or better leaders and constructing the organisation or group into a community of challenged and rewarded scholars. It allows for more control mechanisms which is more realistic than reliable leading. SCORE is a portion of the Small Business Administration and offers diversified services which are needed for all concerns at any degree of its formation and operation. The Online Workshops and low cost off site workshops can be tailored to accommodate the several demands. Transformational leaders must be assured that all subsidiaries and diverse managerial staff are well-trained. able to pass on and understand with lucidity the ability to show the same in an articulate manner the vision of the organization/corporation. SCORE besides offers on-line and off site concern wise mans and managers. This facet is helpful with the digital tendencies and fast paced activities of demand and supply and the ability to do accurate determinations for the concern and direction. Mark offers templets and tools. which enables the concern program to be current and accurate with respect to general market tendencies. MentionsBooks: Hagstrom. R. G. ( 2005 ) The Warren Buffett Way. Second Edition. John Wiley A ; Sons. Inc. Lofton. L. ( 2011 ) . Warren Buffett Invests Like A Girl And Why You Should Too. The Motley Fool. Inc. Lowe. J. ( 2007 ) . Warren Buffett Speaks. Wit and Wisdom from the World’s Greatest Investor. Wholly revised and Updated. . John Wiley and Sons. Inc. Pardoe. J. ( 2005 ) . How Buffett Does It. 24 Simple Investing Schemes From the World’s Greatest Value Investor. . The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. E-Articles: George. Bill. U. S. News A ; World Report. USNEWS. COM. The Maestro Gives It Back. Posted October 22. 2006.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. usnews. com/usnews/news/articles/061022/30buffett_print. htm Stallard. Michael Lee: The Leadership Style of Warren Buffett. . Published by Michael. Lee Stallard on March 2. 208 8:36 a. m. under Uncateogrized. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. michaelleestallard. com/the-leadershp-style-of-warren-buffett